Learn Japanese the easy way! Your Japanese is coming along nicely. But, there is still much to learn. Do you know how to ask someone politely not to do something? For example, can you say, "Please don't smoke in here" in Japanese? In addition, if you want to ask someone not to drink, you need to know how to refer to alcohol in Japanese.

You'll find everything you need right here in this Beginner Japanese article! You'll learn to ask someone politely not to do something using naide kusasai. Master the Japanese words for "to say," "to write," "to wait," and much, much more. As a bonus, learn kakkowarui and kakkoowarui to talk about the uncool, and sake, which means "alcohol" in Japanese. This is one cool Japanese article!

Vocabulary: In this Japanese article, you'll learn the following words and phrases:

suu - "to smoke, to inhale" (class 1 verb)

urusai - "noisy, loud" (i-adjective)

kuroozetto - "closet"

o-sake - "alcohol, sake"

dasu - "to take out, to produce" (class 1 verb)

mimi - "ear"

fuzakeru - "fool around" (class 2 verb)

hontoo ni - "really, truly" (adverb)

komaru - "to be bothered, to have a problem" (class 1 verb)

iu - "to speak, to say" (class 1 verb)

chi - "blood"

taoreru - "to fall, to collapse" (class 2 verb)

utsu - "to hit" (class 1 verb)

kakko warui - "unattractive, uncool" (i-adjective)

Grammar: In this Japanese article, you'll learn the following words and phrases:

Useful Vocabulary and Phrases

o-sake

Sake usually means "alcohol" in general. It often follows the polite prefix o. Japanese "rice wine" is called nihon-shu.

sake - "alcohol"
nihon-shu - "Japanese rice wine" / "sake"

kakkowarui

Kakko is a shortened form of kakkoo, which means "shape," "appearance" or "manner." Warui means "bad" in English and is an -i ending adjective. Kakkowarui or kakkoowarui is an -i ending adjective that corresponds to "uncool," "unattractive," or "ugly," in English. The opposite word is kakkoii or kakkoyoi. See Newbie Article Nihongo Doojoo - Welcome to Style You 13 for more details!

Today's Target Phrase

Fuzakenaide kudasai.

The conjugation of verbs we call the "-nai form" or "non-past plain negative form" is today's grammar point. By adding de kudasai after the -nai form of a verb, one can request someone to refrain from doing something.

Verb Conjugation of Non-Past Plain Negative (From Dictionary Form)

Class 1 verbs (-u verbs)

Drop the final -u sound
Add -a nai

"English" / Dictionary Form / Plain Negative Form

"to write" / kaku / kakanai

"to speak" / hanasu / hanasanai

"to wait" / matsu / matanai

"to die" / shinu / shinanai

"to drink" / nomu / nomanai

"to make" / tsukuru / tsukuranai

"to swim" / oyogu / oyoganai

"to invite" / yobu / yobanai

For the class 1 verbs that have dictionary forms ending in hiragana u, we add -wanai instead of anai.

Class 2 verbs (-ru verbs)

Drop the final ru sound
Add nai

"English" / Dictionary Form / Plain Negative Form

"to eat" / taberu / tabenai

"to sleep" / neru / nenai

Class 3 verbs (Irregular verbs)

"English" / Dictionary Form / Plain Negative Form

"to do" / suru / shinai

"to come" / kuru / konai

Exceptions

"English" / Dictionary Form / Plain Negative Form

"to exist" / aru / nai

---naide kusasai. / Please do not---.

[non-past plain negative form of a verb] + de kudasai.

"Please do not [verb]."

We use this sentence pattern to make a polite request not to do something.

Sentences from Today's Dialogue:

suu "to smoke" (Class 1 'suwanai) Tabako o suwanaide kudasai. "Please, don't smoke."
akeru "to open" (Class 2 'akenai) Kuroozetto o akenaide kudasai. "Please, don't open the closet."
nomu "to drink" (Class 1 'nomanai) O-sake o nomanaide kudasai. "Please, don't drink alcohol."
dasu "to produce" (Class 1 'dasanai) Ookii koe o dasanaide kudasai. "Please, don't speak in a loud voice."
fuzakeru "to joke around" (Class 2 'fuzakenai) Fuzakenaide kudasai. "Please, don't joke around."
iu "to say, to tell" (Class 1 'iwanai) Iwanaide kudasai. "Please don't tell/say something."

Practice 1: Fill in the blanks to complete the chart.

"English" / Dictionary Form / Plain Negative Form / Masu Form

"to listen" / kiku / kikanai / kikimasu

"to lend" / kasu / kasanai / kashimasu

"to stand" / tatanai / tatanai / tachimasu

"to read" / yomu / yomanai / yomimasu

"to understand" / wakaru / wakaranai / wakarimasu

"to eat" / taberu / tabenai / tabemasu

"to do" / suru / shinai / shimasu

"to come" / kuru / konai / kimasu

Practice 2:

Rewrite the sentences using the -naide kudasai construction.

1) terebi o miru

2) eigo o hanasu *eigo (*English)

3) warau *warau (*to laugh)

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