Hunter/gatherers have few possessions, out of necessity, but also due to a respect for the Earth. The need to move to follow the herd, or to the berries and fruits, requires few possessions. This man has no need to settle down. As long as the food is available, he will make do. Nomadic tribes are African, American Indian, Middle Eastern, Mongolian and also European gypsies. They leave little trace on the Earth, are spiritual, and convey history by passing on stories or songs. Little is written of their history and few artifacts exist. Again, if there is no reason to become sedentary, there is little likelihood of becoming so. In fact, large tribes are problematic. Many nomadic tribes limited reproduction through various means. Circumcision, both male and female, is one example.

A larger understanding of our Earth and its place in the Universe only begins when man stops to observe his surroundings. These observations lead to story telling, but also writing.

Man, as we recognize him today, has wandered the Earth for 70,000 years. There have been small and large migrations back and forth and on all points of the compass. The blending of the races has blurred most trails. Early mixing has created anomalies that are very difficult to categorize. This paper is the result of observation. It starts around the year 10,000 BC. Regrettably, it is biased due to the point of reference. Too much prior study has been from a similar point of reference. Also, it is limited by the impact of major catastrophic events. Three current events indicate the difficulty of telling this story accurately, the Cyclone in Myanmar, the earthquake in central China, and the discovery of a nomadic tribe in Brazil. Still, it makes for stimulating further thought and speculation. Read, question, challenge, think and above all, enjoy.

On Civilization

If we were to view the world today and try to make assumptions regarding the start of civilization and the early migration of man, we would make some grievous mistakes.

Let us start by envisioning earliest man. He was a fisherman first, a hunter and gatherer, and water was his salvation. He traveled the rivers to drink and refresh himself and to provide for his small band of co-travelers. He had no need for pottery, or tools as he had not conquered fire for cooking. Berries, fish and small game he could catch sustained the nomadic tribes. They left no trace of passing through. No artifacts were left behind to trace his routes. One thing is clear; there were no walls around his camp. Should he run into other humanoids, they were welcomed with open arms and encouraged to commingle as a means of strengthening and growing the tribe. As these tribes followed the food source, they grew when there was plenty, and became stagnant as food disappeared. This is true for species today. If times were hard, or if there were a natural disaster such as flood, volcano, earthquake, etc. the tribe would be split as the young and mobile left to venture off for new hunting grounds. How far they would travel, and who they would run in to, would help determine the makeup of our world today.

Fast forward 60,000 years or so, to 10,000BC, and man has now traveled to locations of bountiful fruit, nuts, berries and grains. The world population is about 1 million. He has gone from a grunter, to a linguist. He has become more sedentary and has domesticated animals to stay with the tribe and to provide milk and meat as needed. Trade has begun and fire is beginning to get controlled. Since there is little need to pack up and move, possessions such as pottery and cookware have been produced. Still, there are few walls and strangers are lovingly welcomed to visit, stay and co-mingle as they wish. As Darwin theorized, the stronger traits were ultimately dominant and the species were communized in specific fertile valleys that could support large groups of people. These pockets of civilization were limited to the amount of real estate that they could farm. As land became less productive, and perhaps more correctly, as the land available could no longer support the growing populations, more migrations took place. Larger groups left for outlying areas to develop and hunt on. Should there be a major disruption in an area such as a river delta being flooded each spring and homes and people being washed away, a mass exodus would occur and they could find a more favorable location to develop, or they could join others in an existing location.

The recent earthquake in central China showed a landslide that blocked a major river. If there were settlements along the river, they were buried alive. Settlements upstream saw floods as the river backed up and rose in level. Settlements downstream saw an end to their water supply, and they will either need to move to find a source of water, or the blockage can burst and create a flash flood, wiping out their villages and crops. These events were continuous throughout time, and make for discontinuous development that confounds the historians.

The cyclone in Myanmar is another example of displacement of man due to a natural catastrophe. Coastlines have been the source of life for man, and also a great destroyer. A tidal wave or cyclone will push settlements back from the coast. Most major cities were established back from the coastlines as man began to understand the nature of storms.

One more current event that helps lend support to this paper is the recent discovery of a lost tribe in Brazil. Aerial photographs show a small village of hunter/gatherers in a location of plenty. Their weapons are bow and arrows, they are minimally clad, and there appears to be one outlier, very dark of skin, among the redder Amerindians. It would be interesting, but inhumane, to determine the history that MtDNA, blood work, hair analysis, etc. could provide. These are humans, and have lived in this manner from the beginning of time. There has been no need to change.

Let's take a look at the layout of a city/state. The locus would be a fertile river delta fed by distant mountain streams. The water was for drinking and bathing as well as fishing. Fish would still account for much of the food consumed. Radiating out from the water are small plats/gardens where grain crops are grown; rice, wheat and corn. What was not consumed was sold at the central market. As these farms were labor intensive, families grew and males were favored. Daughters were encouraged to reproduce and these settlements were the number one reason for population growth.

Hunters/gatherers do not need large families. In fact, after reaching a certain size the tribe would split in order to survive. Should a nomadic tribe come onto a settlement, they would occupy the outer periphery and supply milk, meat and hides to be traded in the market. They were still transient, and should famine, disease, or natural disaster occur, they wandered off to new locations. Their settlements were on the less fertile hillside or mountain slopes where animals could graze but they were not condusive to crops. As cities grew, they were pushed further up the slopes and the gradual slopes were used for tea or grape growing.

Ultimately, large tribes required more food and goods to serve their populations. The limiting factor was the sunlight on the land. Since sunlight is limited, conquest for additional lands became the order of the day. A common language became a necessity to create order and to communicate. Armies of men were formed and weapons were created to subdue other peoples of other locations. The women were captured and added to the villages, while the men were used as laborers or conscripts in the armies. Now the land-owner, the "man of means," began to fortify his settlement, and became less friendly, loving, and welcoming to outsiders.

Thus begins the period of recorded history, around 3500BC to 3000BC, where man has developed a written language to record the developments and stories that help to rule and control his tribes, or nations. Written language developed long after the early migrations took place. And just as those in power make the rule, those with a written language get to put their names and words on concepts. Early Scandinavian man gave words to his gods, planets, stars, etc. He passed this on to the Greeks, Babylonians, Phoenicians, and Romans. They used similar words. By the time writing was developed, and paper was readily available, Rome was in power and was conquering the known world. They used their gods and other words to name concepts and much has remained the same since. Latin is heavily influenced by the root words of the Scandinavians, German, and Slavic words. There are six categories of language that encompass most of the languages spoken today.

Either religious or political groups dominate the nations and often both exist. Science and arts flourish and man has time to reflect on the world around him. The earliest of these reflectors made idle note of the sunset in the northern sky. It seemed to him that he remembered it setting further south in the past. He sat on the mountain top and observed the location of the sunset relative to the landmarks in the distance. Each day he watched, and little seemed to change. However, eventually, he discerned slight differences, and as he continued to observe for many months, it was apparent that the sun was leaving. The weather was turning colder and fear sprang up in his heart. Yet, he had remembered other times of cold only to be followed by warm seasons, and he was determined to track the travel of the sun.

He moved to a wide open plain where he could view the horizon in all directions. He brought stones and sticks to mark the exact locations of the sunrise and sunset each day. He also kept count of the days. He learned that the sun rose in the east and set in the west each day. He marked the numbers of days and the location of the sunrise and sunset and learned that the sun moved further north in the summer and the days grew longer until it began its trip south again. The days grew shorter and colder and then just as before, the days grew longer and warmer. This travel crossed the center point twice during each trip. He determined that the days were half light and half dark on those days and named the equinox. The northernmost point occurred on the summer solstice and was the longest day of the year. The southernmost travel noted the shortest day of the year and signaled the cold season. He called this the winter solstice.

Armed with this incredible knowledge, he could foretell the planting season and the harvesting season. Knowledge is power and he spoke of the knowledge as an inside track with God. His stone temple on the plains of Salisbury would be a source of plotting these events and the key to the power of knowledge. It had to be passed on carefully and only to a special few who could handle the power. This knowledge was the beginning of organized religion. At this time, man was predisposed to receive revelations, intuitions, extra-sensory perceptions of the presence, nature and meaning of God. They had no scientific resistance to them, and there were many. Early written history is full of stories of angels appearing and premonitions foretelling events about to unfold.

In various civilizations, the days of the week are either numerical or named after their gods. As with the planets, the days of the week were given Roman names. However, in English we use some of the Nordic names. (Reference appendix A). The question of why seven days needs to be answered. It became clear that the orbit, be it Sun around Earth or Earth around Sun, took 365-1/4 days. 7 times 52 is 364. A five day week would make more sense. However, the creation story of God taking seven days to create the Earth, as well as 7 being an auspicious number, overtook logic. Ultimately, days of the week followed the astrological pattern as Monday was lunar-day or moon day, Tuesday is for Mars, Wednesday for Mercury, Thursday for Jupiter, Friday for Venus and Saturday was the Sabbath in the Jewish religion. Sunday is now the Sabbath for Christians around the world. The Golden Rule, practiced and preached for thousands of years has been reinterpreted to be "he who has the gold, makes the rules". Names are changed to protect the innocent, also, apparently without regard to linguistic integrity or logic.

Empirical science has given rise to the great Enlightenment, scientific revolution, nuclear revolution, and technical revolution. It has created the way we live our lives today. There is beauty and simplicity to shapes such as the square and the circle. A square has all four sides equal and if a circle is inscribed within the square it has a diameter equal to the side of the square. If a circle in inscribed on the outside of a square, the diameter is equal to the hypotenuse of the square. As we now know, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the square of the sides of the square. Why does this sound circuitous? "Circuitous" is the keyword to get us back to the travels of early man.

I theorize at least six origins of civilization. This will fly in the face of Darwinists and Religionists who favor the Adam and Eve theory. My rationale comes from the evidence presented by hair color and cross section, and more importantly, blood types. I envision the following groups. Chilean man, most likely from what we now call Easter Island, Peruvian man or Mayan who became our American Indian tribes and crossed the Bering Straits to settle in Asia, Scandinavian man who is the first of the Caucasians, Central European man who gravitated to India, Egyptian man who excelled in place and migrated all over the world, and African man who remained in Africa until the slave trades forced him out and into the Americas. Timing is the most difficult to establish, and I will repeat dates that have been established by others, but with no authentication on my part. They are mentioned merely as a benchmark and cannot be verified nor refuted effectively.

ORIGINS OF MAN

A. Scandinavian man

Hearty and healthy, he made a rugged adventurer. His shortcoming is due to a preponderance of Rh-negative blood type. His hair is oval in shape and fine, wavy to curly. Red, blond and brown colors are prominent and he often has blue eyes. His light skin helps to protect against frostbite, and also to metabolize vitamin D. This man first appeared in Norway and moved both to the south and west. His movement to the east is limited, but not unfound. He was a hardy soul and tamed the north seas by developing sailing ships. He settled what we now call Norway, Sweden, Denmark, the British Isles, and Northern America. He domesticated the plentiful reindeer or elk and settled in small groups, remaining a hunter/gatherer and fisherman. The weather was not condusive to a mass civilization. It is easiest to envision his migratory paths if you view the globe from the north. It becomes apparent that the British Isles and northwest Europe are natural destinations of the Norsemen. His taming of the seas was responsible for his travels throughout the British Isles and into the Mediterranean Sea. And his understanding of the sky allowed him to navigate the seas. This sailor followed the stars to points of adventure, and back again. The North Star was his major reference point. In fact, the stars in the north tend to move the least. It was fairly easy to learn basic astronomy in the far north. He shared his knowledge of the stars with the Greeks who also wanted to tame the seas. Names were given to the constellations, and to the stars, although only 5 stars were visible to the naked eye. While the days of the week kept the names that were given to them by the Norsemen, the planets took on the names given to them by the Romans. This is partly due to the written history that the Romans excelled at. They wrote down the names of the planets using the names that they used for their gods, even though they had older names from the Greeks and even older names from the Norsemen. It is important to note that the names given to the stars are the Roman counterparts for the Greek or Norse gods. Mars is the god of combat, Ares in Greek, and Tiws in Norse mythology. Venus is the Roman goddess of love, while it is Athena in Greece and Freia in Norse mythology. Odin was replaced by Zeus, and ultimately Jupiter.

Ports in lower Spain helped establish settlements such as the Basque, which are 50% Rh -. Later empires of Greece, Rome, etc are the heirs of his sailing skills, his astrological knowledge and his genetics. He traveled overland south through all of Europe blending with various groups that traveled north from Egypt or south from central Europe. There were natural barriers that impeded his migration, but the barrier to the east was not a natural barrier. This will be discussed at a later point. Celtic man later mixed with Norseman to create the ethnic groups known as Irish, Scottish, etc.

Christina of Sweden Eastern Europe Lady

British Isles origins

B. Central Asian Man (Aryans)

This man originated in the cold upper northlands and moved south as the ice age progressed. With a unique B-positive blood type, his hunter/gatherer ancestors ran east of the Urals, to the natural barrier of the Caucasus Mountains. He is found in all the "stans", Kyrgystan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India. His path led him to the Indus River valley and on to the Gangic plains where he found plentiful and fertile soil conducive to farming. Two growing seasons helped to facilitate settlement. His hair is fine, red, blond or black with a broad face. A strong peaceful man, the women menstruate at an early age, enabling rapid reproduction. His food supply was plentiful and there was little need to venture east or west. His path was blocked by the natural barriers of the Himalayans, and the seas. Here he could study the stars at night to determine in 900BC that the Earth was not the center of the Universe, but rather the Sun. It would take other civilizations another 500 years to conclude this.

Other ethnic groups are the Hittites and the Semites. These tribes moved south from Kyrgystan to the Middle East. The Hittites moved into the Fertile Crescent and conquered many of the tribes that had settled there earlier. The Semite followed and left small settlements along the way in Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Samarkand. The major migrations of the Kazakh hordes were referred to as Juz. However, he did not settle until he reached what is now Ethiopia. This is the start of his written history and calendar.

From there they moved to the Fertile Crescent and then into Egypt and finally to Jerusalem. Since many tribes could easily join their nomadic tribes, they determined that the Jewish heritage could only be passed on by the woman. This decision is responsible for the B-positive blood type in most Jews today. The Old Testament is a collection of writings by the Semites and start with the story of creation. All the while, they were aware of the Egyptian civilization of much greater numbers and the Mesopotamian civilization. One question still puzzles me greatly. The second day of creation, in Genesis, God places a dome over the Earth. I take this to be the atmosphere. This same story is told in Norse folklore. They tell of a dome being placed over the Earth, possibly being made of tin, to contain the gas. Based on the limited science of the day, how did early man become aware of the atmosphere? He did not see it, and at night it is invisible. Only the clouds are contained by something, so perhaps it seemed logical. Yet, this knowledge seems to be a giant leap for early man.

Saami's are an early mix of Scandinavian man and Central European man, and perhaps the Peruvian man. They are one of the few blends to survive as a distinct ethnic group. They migrated above the tree line of the north. The Blackfoot tribes in North America are direct descendants as are Samoyeds, Korean, Ainu and some Australian Aboriginals. Still nomadic, their tents or teepees are the same as American Indians. Renee Zellwiger is of Saami descent.

AFGHANISTAN GIRL INDIAN SCHOOL BOYS
Saami Tribe early 1900's
Indian Girl

C. Chilean man
This man most likely began on what we now call Easter Island off the coast of Chile. This island was called Rapa Nui, or the navel of the World. At one time, the oceans were lower and a chain of mountain tops formed a ridge line to the continent of South America, and dotted toward Australia. The stone men of Easter Island stand as a testimony to the ancient civilization that searches the skies for .....something. This man has O-positive, Diego-negative blood. His hair is fine and round in shape, black in color. His face is round and tends to color easily. He was a medium sized hunter, and never felt the need to settle. Perhaps the trauma of flood and Tsunami created wanderlust and a fear of settling in one place. He was to become the Incan Indian tribe that would inhabit most of South America. He traveled north and ultimately west, crossing the Bering straight into Asia were he found the fertile delta of middle China to finally settle. His straight black hair can be seen in all Chinese today. This theory sets the standard theory of Asian man crossing east to the Americas and becoming the American Indians on its head. However, if one agrees that the progression is from nomad to sedentary, then the story is more palatable. In addition, he traveled to the east and crossed to Europe to establish the Celtic man.

CHILEAN GIRL CHINESE GIRL

YOUNG CHINESE GIRLS

These are from South America Tiera del Fuego not ASIA

D Mayan man

Mayan man originated in what we now know as Peru, South America. His path was similar to that of the Chilean man. He has coarse, round, black hair. His blood is O-positive, Diego-negative. His stature is stout with reddish skin. He is lactose intolerant. He also moved north in a migratory travel pattern that led him to sprinkle the entire continent as well as the Pacific Northwest with his progeny. Many American Indians are his descendants and they remained hunter/gatherers until forced to reservations in the late 1800's. They too, left little trace on the landscape as they lived sparsely and used only what they needed to live. This man traveled over the Bering straits and into northern China to establish settlements in Mongolia. Genghis Khan was the famous leader of the Mongols who led his conquering warriors all the way to establishing a settlement in Hungary before being beaten back somewhat by the Romans. He could have continued to the Atlantic Ocean had he a mind to, but the progression stopped in Hungary with the exception of Finland where lactose-intolerant Mongolian man is evident.

PERUVIAN MOTHER

E. Egyptian man

Much is written of Egyptian man and his civilization. His blood type is O+ Diego + and Rh+ exclusively. He was bounded by the desert to the west, mountains to the south and the Nile to the east. This man was forced to settle early and there was little other than floods to make him migrate away. This is the key to early civilization in Egypt. The floods created a fertile soil capable of sustaining life in a major way. Grains, fruits, and fresh water with fish allowed Egyptian man to contemplate his existence as well as settle in villages of larger magnitudes. As a matter of wanderlust and expansion, he traveled to the northeast and crossed to the fertile crescent of Mesopotamia. Later travels east into northern India and China to mix with local peoples have created the largest populations in the world. Egyptian man took knowledge of cities with him and helped to settle the world. Early travel by water routes to Italy and Greece helped to establish those civilizations.

F. African man

This man is the source of all black man and was locked into southern Africa. He was a hunter and tribesman with few established settlements. Bordered by desert, ocean and mountain, he lived off the local vegetation, fruit, nuts and wildlife. He has elliptical black frizzy hair and O-positive-Diego positive blood. Contrary to some beliefs, he did not evolve from either apes nor chimpanzees as neither of them has O-positive blood types. His migration was a forced migration due to the slave trade. He was relocated to the Caribbean and North America and after the American Civil War migrated to the large cities in the northern USA. One important note, he is 100% O-positive. He also has blood groups that are exclusive to him such as Duffy -. One migration of African man was eastward to Pakistan and India where he is called Tamil. From there he moved on to Australia. These civilizations all practice male and female circumcision. He also migrated to northern Japan, probably on a sailing ship with Scandinavian man. He has longer forearms, a broad flat nose and a longer head than most others.

INDIAN TAMIL BLACK WOMAN

Other barriers to migration, selective development

Why do we see one race or ethnic group border another with little or no blending? What is the root of prejudice? I submit that some was caused by the early mixing of races and the young being stillborn as a result of the conflicting blood types. If childbirth created a dearth of stillborns, a natural prejudice would occur. Generally, if the baby is O or the same as the mother, A, B, etc, then there is no problem. However, A rejects B and vice versa. RH+ and RH- blood types can cause an internal blood storm as one type creates antibodies to fight off the other. While this only occurs in the second or third child, enough instances would create an agreement of the races to separate for the good of both races. Caucasians today have 15% Rh- blood, while Asian and African have 0% Rh-. This may be a survival bias that has been demonized over time to prevent a mixing of deadly blood types. While it may well have been the consequence and mutual agreement of the races, it could have been folk lored into a much more sinister story. Certainly a major catastrophe such as hemophilia would be impetus to create an iron curtain between the races. Only later understanding of the Rh factor would allow this bias to be put to rest.

Finally, it has been indicated by the Hubble telescope that the moon does NOT circle the Earth. Rather, it has a wavy trajectory through which the Earth passes. The implications are enormous. We do not have a "moon" and we should rename Monday. This information is being held close to the vest. It is not being taught in schools, nor is it being announced in any major fashion. Still, it has had enough circulation as to be verified and presented on various television specials. This is a major belief that lasted 5000 years only to be dashed by a new viewpoint. Viewpoints matter!

Following is a timeline to place some of these events in a reasonable perspective.

10,000 BC Population 1,000,000 Nomadic man starts to settle

Evidence of maize domestication

Evidence of rice domestication in China and musical instruments

Evidence of domesticated animals in Asia and Africa

Pottery along the Nile
Monte Verde in Chile

6,000 BC Population 10,000,000 Man is meeting with more frequency

Wheat barley domesticated in India Pakistan

Evidence of cities with streets at right angles

Decimal system created

Hieroglyphics in Egypt

3000 BC Population 25,000,000

Stonehenge established

Cuneiform writing developed

Written languages create civilizations
1 Population 200,000,000

Christ born

1800 Population 1 Billion Start of the Industrial revolution
1930 Population 2 Billion
1960 Population 3 Billion
1975 Population 4 Billion
1989 Population 5 Billion
2000 Population 6 Billion

SUMMARY

It is not plausible to imagine civilized settlements having their residents traverse thousands of miles to become nomadic grunters. The reverse is evident. Nomadic tribes have no need to settle. There are nomadic tribes being discovered every decade in Borneo, or Brazil, or Africa. American Indians, Laplanders, Arabic desert tribes are the remnants of early man. African tribes migrated only when forced. Man moved to friendly areas of the globe. Clear water, fish, game, grains, fruits, and vegetables caused man to settle. Barring natural catastrophe, war or disease, civilized man tends to stay put, and live longer. He grows exponentially as opposed to the hunter/gatherer who limits growth to preserve viability.

One thing is sure; the differences in man are fewer than the similarities. Modern science and the understanding of antibodies can allow a continued trend of racial mixing and migration. A return to Universal love and welcoming would be a step in the right direction. Yet, the greatest next step might be return from matters of cause and effect back to the quest for meaning and purpose. This is the domain of the spirit, and has been anemic for some 2000 years.

ON CIVILIZATION

A study of man's travels and origins

Gary Kimball